切换至 "中华医学电子期刊资源库"

中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (05) : 575 -584. doi: 10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2024.05.003

临床论著

超高龄髋膝关节术后谵妄及心血管并发症风险预测
陈晓玲1, 钟永洌1, 刘巧梨1, 李娜1, 张志奇1, 廖威明1, 黄桂武1,()   
  1. 1.510080 广州,中山大学附属第一医院关节外科
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04 出版日期:2024-10-01
  • 通信作者: 黄桂武
  • 基金资助:
    中山大学5010基金2013002(K0402002)

Risk prediction of delirium and cardiovascular complications after hip and knee surgeries in elderly patients

Xiaoling Chen1, Yonglie Zhong1, Qiaoli Liu1, Na Li1, Zhiqi Zhang1, Weiming Liao1, Guiwu Huang1,()   

  1. 1.Department of Joint Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
  • Received:2023-12-04 Published:2024-10-01
  • Corresponding author: Guiwu Huang
引用本文:

陈晓玲, 钟永洌, 刘巧梨, 李娜, 张志奇, 廖威明, 黄桂武. 超高龄髋膝关节术后谵妄及心血管并发症风险预测[J]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 575-584.

Xiaoling Chen, Yonglie Zhong, Qiaoli Liu, Na Li, Zhiqi Zhang, Weiming Liao, Guiwu Huang. Risk prediction of delirium and cardiovascular complications after hip and knee surgeries in elderly patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(05): 575-584.

目的

探讨超高龄患者髋膝关节术后发生谵妄以及心血管并发症的危险因素及构建可视化风险预测模型。

方法

回顾性收集2018年10月至2021年10月于中山大学附属第一医院行髋膝关节手术的超高龄患者118例,纳入患者年龄≥80岁,初次行髋/膝关节置换手术,无严重的髋关节炎、股骨头坏死或者是髋部骨折的患者,排除行关节翻修术,术前存在肺部感染或泌尿系感染或严重肝肾功能不全,合并严重内科疾病。采用多因素logistic回归分析术后谵妄和心血管并发症的危险因素。应用R语言软件建立预测风险的列线图并构建线上动态预测模型并部署至Shinyapps.io网站;利用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)、校准曲线及临床决策曲线(DCA)评估模型的预测性能。

结果

研究显示,对于术后发生谵妄并发症,两组患者的年龄(t=-2.164,P<0.05)、高血压(F=4.635,P<0.05)、慢性阻塞性肺气肿(F=22.861,P<0.05)、术后血液白蛋白水平(Alb)(t=3.539,P<0.05)、术前血红蛋白水平(t=2.366,P<0.05)、静息疼痛(t=-3.180,P<0.05)以及活动疼痛(t=-2.240,P<0.05)比较,差异具有统计学意义;而对于术后发生心血管并发症而言,两组患者的术后血液白蛋白水平(t=2.069,P<0.05)、糖尿病(F=-5.696,P<0.05)、静息疼痛(t=-3.758,P<0.05)以及活动疼痛(t=-2.406,P<0.05)比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,术后静息疼痛[比值比(OR)=3.140,95%置信区间(CI)(0.170, 2.118)]、慢性阻塞性肺气肿[OR=20.673,95%CI1.333, 4.724)]以及高血压[OR=14.101,95%CI0.268,5.023)]是术后谵妄并发症发生的独立危险因素(均为P<0.05);而术后静息疼痛[OR=5.522,95%CI0.557,2.861)]和糖尿病[OR=5.220,95%CI0.026,3.280)]是术后心血管并发症发生的独立危险因素(均为P<0.05)。研究同时建立了预测模型[AUC=0.903,95%置信区间(CI)(0.810,0.995)],模型内验证 C-index=0.903,提示该模型具有一定的预测能力。

结论

本研究揭示了超高龄髋膝关节术后患者发生谵妄及心血管并发症的危险因素,并构建了预测模型。临床医护可根据相应预测结果加强围手术期管理,以降低该类患者术后谵妄以及心血管并发症的发生风险。

Objective

To explore the risk factors of delirium and cardiovascular complications in ultra-senile patients after hip and knee arthroplasties, and to build a visual risk prediction model.

Methods

The clinical data of 118 super-elderly patients who underwent hip and knee arthroplasty in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from October 2018 to October 2021 were retrospectively collected.The patients who were age over 80 years and underwent primary hip or knee arthroplasty were included, while the patients with severe hip arthritis, femoral head necrosis or hip fracture, revision surgery, infection in lungs or urinary system, severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, and combining other severe diseases were excluded.The grouping was based on whether postoperative complications occurred, and they were divided into control group and complication group. The clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors for postoperative delirium and cardiovascular complications were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. R language software was used to establish an alignment chart for predicting risk and construct an online dynamic prediction model and deploy it to the Shinyapps.io website. The predictive performance of the model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and clinical decision curve analysis(DCA).

Results

This analysis showed that for postoperative delirium complications, age (t=-2.164, P<0.05),hypertension (F=4.635, P<0.05), chronic obstructive emphysema (F=22.861, P<0.05), postoperative blood albumin (Alb) level (t=3.539, P<0.05), preoperative hemoglobin level (t=2.366, P<0.05), rest pain (t=-3.180,P<0.05) and activity pain (t=-2.240, P<0.05), the differences of these factors were statistically significant(P<0.05). As for postoperative cardiovascular complications, there were statistically significant differences in postoperative blood albumin levels (t=2.069, P<0.05), diabetes mellitus (F=-5.696, P<0.05), rest pain (t=-3.758,P<0.05) and activity pain (t=-2.406, P<0.05) between the two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that postoperative pain at res[todds ratio (OR)=3.140, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.170,2.118)], chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema[ OR=20.673, 95%CI (1.333, 4.724)], and hypertension[OR =14.101, 95%CI (0.268, 5.023)]were independent risk factors for postoperative delirium complications(all P<0.05). Postoperative pain at rest [OR=5.522, 95%CI (0.557, 2.861)]and diabetes[OR=5.220,95%CI (0.026, 3.280)]were independent risk factors for postoperative cardiovascular complications (both P < 0.05). The study concurrently established a predictive model [AUC= 0.903, 95% CI (0.810, 0.995)].The model's internal validation showed C-index of 0.903, indicating a certain level of predictive capability.

Conclusions

This study identified risk factors for delirium and cardiovascular complications in patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty at an advanced age. Additionally, a predictive model is developed,suggesting that clinical practitioners can enhance perioperative management based on corresponding predictive results to mitigate the risk of postoperative delirium and cardiovascular complications in such patients.

表1 两组患者出现术后谵妄并发症情况的比较(
Table 1 Comparison of postoperative delirium between the two groups
变量Variable 对照组Control group 谵妄并发症组Delirium group 统计值Statistical value P
例数Number of cases 106 12
性别Gender 男性Male 40 5 χ 2<0.0001 >0.05
女性Female 66 7
手术类型Type of surgery THA 14 2 χ 2=4.236 >0.05
TKA 35 1
股骨头坏死Femoral head necrosis 39 5
股骨颈骨折内固定Internal fixation of femoral neck fracture 18 4
高血压Hypertension 否No 48 1 χ 2=4.635 0.031
是yes 58 11
冠心病Coronary disease 否No 93 8 χ 2=2.360 >0.05
是Yes 13 4
麻醉方式Anesthesia 联合椎管内麻醉Combined spinalepidural nesthesia 91 10 χ 2<0.0001 >0.05
全身麻醉General anesthesia 15 2
糖尿病Diabetes 否No 77 9 χ 2<0.0001 >0.05
是Yes 29 3
COPD 否No 99 5 χ 2=22.861 <0.001
是Yes 7 7
年龄[岁,(x¯±s)]Age(year) 83.7±3.4 85.8±3.6 t=-2.164 0.039
术中失血量[ml,(x¯±s)]Intraoperative blood loss 186.4±166.5 108.3±41.7 t=1.614 >0.05
BMI[kg/m2,(x¯±s)] 23.0±3.5 22.7±2.7 t=0.265 >0.05
术前Hb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Preoperative Hb 120.8±18.0 107.6±21.2 t=2.366 0.020
术前Alb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Preoperative Alb 35.3±4.0 33.9±5.5 t=1.073 >0.05
术后Hb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Postoperative Hb 97.2±16.4 88.9±10.1 t=1.712 >0.05
术后Alb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Postoperative Alb 29.7±2.9 26.6±2.0 t=3.539 <0.001
手术时长[min,(x¯±s)]Time of surgery 107.6±68.7 77.9±30.5 t=1.476 >0.05
静息疼痛(x¯±s)Rest pain 1.3±1.0 2.3±1.1 t=-3.180 0.002
活动疼痛(x¯±s)Active pain 4.4±1.3 5.3±1.0 t=-2.240 0.027
表2 两组患者出现术后心血管并发症情况的比较
Table 2 Comparison of postoperative cardiovascular complications between the two groups
变量Variable 对照组Control group 心血管并发症组Cardiovascular complications group 统计值Statistical value P
例数Number of cases 109 9
性别Gender 男性Male 42 3 χ 2<0.0001 >0.05
女性Female 67 6
手术类型Type of surgery THA 14 2 χ 2=5.372 >0.05
TKA 36 0
股骨头坏死Femoral head necrosis 39 5
股骨颈骨折内固定Internal fixation of femoral neck fracture 20 2
高血压Hypertension 否No 45 4 χ 2<0.0001 >0.05
是Yes 64 5
冠心病Coronary disease 否No 94 7 χ 2=0.040 >0.05
是Yes 15 2
麻醉方式Anesthesia 联合椎管内麻醉Combined spinalepidural anesthesia 93 8 χ 2<0.0001 >0.05
全身麻醉General anesthesia 16 1
糖尿病Diabetes 否No 83 3 χ 2=5.696 0.017
是Yes 26 6
COPD 否No 96 8 χ 2<0.0001 >0.05
是Yes 13 1
年龄[岁,(x¯±s)]Age(year) 83.9±3.5 83.2±2.6 t=0.602 >0.05
术中失血量[ml,(x¯±s)]Intraoperative blood loss 174.9±145.3 222.2±294.9 t=-0.853 >0.05
BMI[kg/m2,(x¯±s)] 23.1±3.5 22.2±3.5 t=0.745 >0.05
术前Hb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Preoperative Hb 119.5±18.6 119.7±21.1 t=-0.033 >0.05
术前Alb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Preoperative Alb 35.3±4.1 32.7±3.5 t=1.832 >0.05
术后Hb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Postoperative Hb 96.6±15.9 93.3±18.3 t=0.589 >0.05
术后Alb[g/L,(x¯±s)]Postoperative Alb 29.5±3.0 27.4±2.4 t=2.069 0.041
手术时长[min,(x¯±s)]Time of surgery 102.0±62.4 136.1±103.0 t=-1.492 >0.05
静息疼痛(x¯±s)Rest pain 1.3±1.0 2.6±1.0 t=-3.758 <0.001
活动疼痛(x¯±s)Active pain 4.4±1.3 5.4±1.2 t=-2.406 0.018
表3 膝/髋关节手术发生谵妄并发症的危险因素的多因素logistic回归分析
Table 3 Multivariatelogistic regression analysis of risk factors for delirium after knee/hip surgery
表4 膝/髋关节手术发生心血管并发症的危险因素的logistic回归分析
Table 4 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for cardiovascular complications after knee/hip surgery
图1 预测膝/髋关节手术发生术后谵妄并发症的列线图
Figure 1 Nomogram for predicting delirium after knee/hip surgery
图2 膝/髋关节手术发生术后谵妄并发症的预测模型ROC(受试者工作特征)曲线
Figure 2ROC prediction model for delirium after knee/hip surgery
图3 膝/髋关节手术发生术后谵妄并发症列线图的校准曲线
Figure 3 Calibration curve of the nomogram for delirium after knee/hip surgery
图4 膝/髋关节手术发生术后谵妄并发症的模型决策曲线分析 注:y轴-净收益率;All-受试者均存在谵妄并发症;None-受试者均无谵妄并发症Note: y-axis-net yield; All-subjects had delirium; None-subjects don't have delirium
Figure 4 Model decision curve analysis for delirium after knee/hip surgery
图5 预测膝/髋关节手术发生术后心血管并发症的列线图
Figure 5 Nomogram for predicting cardiovascular complications after knee/hip surgery
图6 膝/髋关节手术发生术后心血管并发症的预测模型ROC(受试者工作特征)曲线
Figure 6ROC prediction model for cardiovascular complications after knee/hip surgery
图7 膝/髋关节手术发生术后心血管并发症列线图的校准曲线
Figure 7 Calibration curve of the nomogram for cardiovascular complications after knee/hip surgery
图8 膝/髋关节手术发生术后心血管并发症侧模型决策曲线分析 注:y轴-净收益率;All-受试者均存在谵妄并发症;None-受试者均无谵妄并发症Note: y-axis-net yield; All-subjects had delirium; None-subjects don't have delirium
Figure 8 Model decision curve analysis for cardiovascular complications after knee/hip surgery
[1]
Klemetti S,Leino-Kilpi H,Cabrera E,et al. Difference between received and expected knowledge of patients undergoing knee or hip replacement in seven European countries[J]. Clin Nurs Res,2015,24( 6 ): 624-643.
[2]
Nanjayan SK,Swamy GN,Yellu S,et al. In-hospital complications following primary total hip and knee arthroplasty in octogenarian and nonagenarian patients[J]. J Orthop Traumatol,2014,15( 1 ): 29-33.
[3]
张欣华. 超高龄早期食管癌患者RT与CRT的预后对比分析[D].济南: 山东大学,2022.
[4]
杨钦烽,王健,张洋,等. 美国住院病人髋膝关节置换术后谵妄发生率及危险因素[J/CD]. 中华关节外科杂志( 电子版 ),2021,15( 1 ): 57-63.
[5]
Iasonos A,Schrag D,Raj GV,et al. How to build and interpret a nomogram for cancer prognosis[J]. J Clin Oncol,2008,26( 8 ):1364-1370.
[6]
Rice DA,Kluger MT,McNair PJ,et al. Persistent postoperative pain after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study of potential risk factors[J]. Br J Anaesth,2018,121( 4 ): 804-812.
[7]
Jin Z,Hu J,Ma D. Postoperative delirium: perioperative assessment,risk reduction,and management[J]. Br J Anaesth,2020,125( 4 ): 492-504.
[8]
Yang JM,Wang Y,Li JY,et al. Duloxetine for rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Int J Surg,2023,109( 4 ): 913-924.
[9]
Riddle DL,Slover J,Ang D,et al. Construct validation and correlates of preoperative expectations of postsurgical recovery in persons undergoing knee replacement: baseline findings from a randomized clinical trial[J/OL]. Health Qual Life Outcomes,2017,15( 1 ): 232. DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0810-x.
[10]
Hudetz JA,Patterson KM,Iqbal Z,et al. Ketamine attenuates delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass[J]. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth,2009,23( 5 ): 651-657.
[11]
Milisen K,Foreman MD,Abraham IL,et al. A nurse-led interdisciplinary intervention program for delirium in elderly hipfracture patients[J]. J Am Geriatr Soc,2001,49( 5 ): 523-532.
[12]
李晖,李清,杨风顺,等. 多模式镇痛对老年髋部骨折术后谵妄影响的研究[J]. 中华骨科杂志,2013,33( 7 ): 736-740.
[13]
Long Y,Feng X,Liu H,et al. Effects of anesthetic depth on postoperative pain and delirium: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with trial sequential analysis[J]. Chin Med J,2022,135( 23 ): 2805-2814.
[14]
Morrison RS,Magaziner J,Gilbert M,et al. Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture[J]. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci,2003,58( 1 ): 76-81.
[15]
Xia J,Hu C,Wang L,et al. Association between statin use on delirium and 30-day mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the intensive care unit[J/OL]. Eur J Med Res,2023,28( 1 ): 572. DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01551-3.
[16]
Oh HW,Kim SH,Kim KU. The effects a respiration rehabilitation program on IADL,satisfaction with leisure,and quality of sleep of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. J Phys Ther Sci,2016,28( 12 ): 3357-3360.
[17]
刘澄英,江莲,倪华,等. 组合式呼吸康复训练对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的干预治疗[J]. 中国老年学杂志,2013,33( 1 ):198-199.
[18]
徐建圆,钭晓帆,余双娟. 老年髋部骨折围手术期深静脉血栓形成影响因素分析[J]. 浙江创伤外科,2020,25( 1 ): 115-116.
[19]
Häfner S,Baumert J,Emeny RT,et al. Hypertension and depressed symptomatology: a cluster related to the activation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system( RAAS ). Findings from population based KORA F4 study[J]. Psychoneuroendocrinology,2013,38( 10 ):2065-2074.
[20]
Wachtendorf LJ,Azimaraghi O,Santer P,et al. Association between intraoperative arterial hypotension and postoperative delirium after noncardiac surgery: aretrospective multicenter cohort study[J].Anesth Analg,2022,134( 4 ): 822-833.
[21]
刘凤阁,王正军,刘光健. 丁咯地尔治疗以静息痛为主诉的老年下肢动脉硬化闭塞症[J]. 郧阳医学院学报,2007,26( 6): 345-347.
[22]
Januel JM,Chen G,Ruffieux C,et al. Symptomatic in-hospital deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism following hip and knee arthroplasty among patients receiving recommended prophylaxis: a systematic review[J]. JAMA,2012,307( 3 ): 294-303.
[23]
Grundy SM,Benjamin IJ,Burke GL,et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association[J]. Circulation,1999,100( 10 ):1134-1146.
[24]
Ditzel J. Functional microangiopathy in diabetes mellitus[J].Diabetes,1968,17( 6 ): 388-397.
[1] 郝玥萦, 毛盈譞, 张羽, 汪佳旭, 韩林霖, 匡雯雯, 孟瑶, 杨秀华. 超声引导衰减参数成像评估肝脂肪变性及其对心血管疾病风险的预测价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(08): 770-777.
[2] 曹雯佳, 刘学兵, 罗安果, 钟释敏, 邓岚, 王玉琳, 李赵欢. 超声矢量血流成像对2型糖尿病患者颈动脉壁剪切应力的研究[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(07): 709-717.
[3] 洪玮, 叶细容, 刘枝红, 杨银凤, 吕志红. 超声影像组学联合临床病理特征预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗完全病理缓解的价值[J]. 中华医学超声杂志(电子版), 2024, 21(06): 571-579.
[4] 明昊, 肖迎聪, 巨艳, 宋宏萍. 乳腺癌风险预测模型的研究现状[J]. 中华乳腺病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 287-291.
[5] 屈勤芳, 束方莲. 盆腔器官脱垂患者盆底重建手术后压力性尿失禁发生的影响因素及列线图预测模型构建[J]. 中华腔镜泌尿外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 606-612.
[6] 袁志静, 黄杰, 何国安, 方辉强. 罗哌卡因联合右美托咪定局部阻滞麻醉在老年腹腔镜下无张力疝修补术中的应用[J]. 中华疝和腹壁外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 557-561.
[7] 公宇, 廖媛, 尚梅. 肝细胞癌TACE术后复发影响因素及预测模型建立[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(06): 818-824.
[8] 何慧玲, 鲁祖斌, 冯嘉莉, 梁声强. 术前外周血NLR和PLR对结肠癌术后肝转移的影响[J]. 中华肝脏外科手术学电子杂志, 2024, 13(05): 682-687.
[9] 冯熔熔, 苏晓乐, 王利华. 慢性肾脏病患者并发心血管疾病相关生物标志物研究进展[J]. 中华肾病研究电子杂志, 2024, 13(05): 273-278.
[10] 茹江英, 廖启宇, 温国洪, 潘思华, 刘栋, 张皓琛, 牛云飞. 直接前方入路和后外侧入路半髋关节置换治疗老年痴呆股骨颈骨折的疗效比较[J]. 中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志, 2024, 10(05): 287-293.
[11] 崔健, 夏青, 林云, 李光玲, 李心娜, 王位. 血小板与淋巴细胞比值、免疫球蛋白、心肌酶谱及心电图对中老年肝硬化患者病情及预后的影响[J]. 中华消化病与影像杂志(电子版), 2024, 14(05): 400-406.
[12] 王誉英, 刘世伟, 王睿, 曾娅玲, 涂禧慧, 张蒲蓉. 老年乳腺癌新辅助治疗病理完全缓解的预测因素分析[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(07): 641-646.
[13] 董晟, 郎胜坤, 葛新, 孙少君, 薛明宇. 反向休克指数乘以格拉斯哥昏迷评分对老年严重创伤患者发生急性创伤性凝血功能障碍的预测价值[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 541-547.
[14] 黄圣楷, 许斌, 苏健, 孙龙. 海南省2010~2020年乙型肝炎流行趋势的时间序列分析及预测[J]. 中华临床医师杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 555-561.
[15] 孙志军, 梁立丰, 柳晓娜, 杨汪洋, 邸北冰, 张妮潇, 彭晖. 接受ICM 的不明原因晕厥患者需行起搏治疗的临床预测因素分析[J]. 中华脑血管病杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(05): 446-453.
阅读次数
全文


摘要